Midstream

Industry Definitions

Definitions of words and terms used in the gas processing industry.
For questions regarding incorrect/outdated entries or suggestion for adding additional terms, please contact Martin Erne

Term
Definition
air-cooled exchanger (fin-fan unit or aerial cooler)

A fin tube exchanger which utilizes air for cooling. Ambient air contacts the external fins by fan-forced or natural draft to cool the process fluid inside the tubes.

allowable

The maximum rate, composition or process variable permitted by contract or regulatory body.

amine

Any of several compounds such as, but not limited to, monoethanolamine, HOC2H4NH2, (MEA), employed in treating natural gas.

amine plant

A unit designed to remove the sour components of a stream with a contactor and a regenerator to reuse the amine.

ash

Non-combustible residue from the gasification or burning of coal or a heavy hydrocarbon.

associated gas

Light hydrocarbons produced as a vapor from an oil reservoir.

atmospheric pressure

The pressure exerted on the earth by the earth's atmosphere. A pressure of 760 mm of mercury, 29.92 inches of mercury, or 14.696 psia is used for some measurements.

back pressure

The pressure held on a piece of equipment or a system through which a fluid (gas and/or liquid) is flowing.

barrel

A unit of liquid volume measurement which in the US petroleum industry equals 42 U.S. liquid gallons. Other applications may define different volumes for a barrel, such as 55 U.S. liquid gallons in the chemical industry.

bath

A container that is controlled to regulate the temperature of any system placed in or passing through it.

bcf (billion cubic feet)

An abbreviation of "billion cubic feet." In the United States, a billion is a thousand million, or 109.

blanket gas

A gas phase in a vessel above a liquid phase. The purpose may be for protecting the liquid from air contamination, for reducing the hazard of detonation, or for pressuring the liquid. The source of the gas is external to the vessel.

blanket gas

A gas stored on top of a liquid to create a barrier between a liquid and the surrounding air.

bleed

To remove or drain liquid, gas, or other contents at a slow rate from a piece of equipment or pipe.

blow case

A small tank in which liquids are accumulated and periodically drained by applying gas or air pressure above the liquid level.

blowdown

The act of partially or fully emptying or depressurizing a vessel or pipeline. May also refer to the discarded material.

boiling point

The temperature at a given pressure at which a liquid begins to vaporize.

bottom hole pressure

The pressure measured in a well at a depth which is at the mid-point of the thickness of the producing zone.

bottom hole temperature

The temperature measured in a well at a depth which is at the mid-point of the thickness of the producing zone.

bottoms

The heavy liquid or residual matter which is withdrawn from the bottom of a distillation tower, or other vessel, during processing or while in storage.

breathing

The movement of vapor in or out of a vessel because of a liquid level change or a change of temperature or atmospheric pressure.

bs&w

An acronym for “Basic (or bottom) sediment and water”.

bubble cap

An inverted cup or pan-like device with a notched or slotted periphery set over a chimney-like connection on a tower tray.

bubble point

The temperature and pressure at which a liquid begins to vaporize.

bulk plant

A wholesale distributing point for products made from natural gas and petroleum.